APA 7th edition

NorQuest College uses the 7th edition of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association.

The purpose of APA citation is to:

• Identify other people’s ideas and information used within your paper.
• Document the authors or sources of these ideas in a Reference list at the end of your paper.

Check out our Learn to Research guide for step-by-step help on how to research, and these tutorials on formatting in APA.

This guide is not comprehensive. It is meant to address common questions that NorQuest students have.

Please visit and use the APA Style Website for more reference examples and detailed explanations, including:

Six Steps to Proper Citation

Introduction to APA Course

This online course introduces essential skills and concepts to help you understand and apply the APA Citation Style.

To preview the parts of the course, please click on the linked images below.  Note that the preview site will not grant a completion badge.

Introduction	Reference Citations	In-text Citations	Formatting & Proofreading

Formatting

• Title page
• Page numbers are in the top right corner of the page
• Use 1 inch margins on all sides (this is usually the default setting in MS Word)
• Fonts may be Times New Roman 12 pt, Calibri 11pt, Arial 11pt, Lucida Sans Unicode 10pt, and Georgia 11 pt
• All text is double-spaced (Title page, abstract, block quotations, references, etc.)
• Paragraphs are aligned to the left, with the first line of every paragraph beginning with an indent (use the tab key)
• References are double-spaced, each entry is formatted with a hanging indent, and the list is alphabetized by the first word of each entry.

Headings

 • Student Paper Heading Levels, APA Style 7th Edition

Appendices

Abstracts (not all papers require an abstract, consult your instructor or assignment outline)

 • Abstract Keyword Page Guide provided by APA

Examples

Elements of Style

Focus on writing in a way that is 

• clear and coherent: ideas are presented in a logical way 
• bias free: use the pronoun 'they/them' rather than 'she/her/hers' or 'he/him/his'
• and uses people first language: people without shelter rather than homeless 

Quick Guides

• Transitions Quick Guide guidance on how to link sentences using the same source (APA).
• Numbers and Statistics Quick Guide guidance on proper use of numbers, including when to use words vs using numbers (APA).
• Abbreviations Quick Guide guidance on how to use abbreviations (measurements, time, Latin) properly (APA).
• Signal Phrases guidance on how to integrating ideas and research in your writing (Capella University).

Inclusive and bias free language

Writing inclusively and without bias is the new standard, and APA’s new publication manual contains a separate chapter on this topic.

The guidelines provided by APA help authors reduce bias around topics such as gender, age, disability, racial and ethnic identity, and sexual orientation, as well as being sensitive to labels and describing individuals at the appropriate level of specificity. Some examples include:

The singular “they” or “their” is endorsed as a gender-neutral pronoun.

• A researcher’s career depends on how often he or she is cited.
• A researcher’s career depends on how often they are cited.

Instead of using adjectives as nouns to label groups of people, descriptive phrases are preferred.

• The poor
• People living in poverty

Instead of broad categories, you should use exact age ranges that are more relevant and specific.

• People over 65 years old
• People in the age range of 65 to 75 years old

Streefkerk, R. (2019). APA Manual 7th edition: The most notable changes. https://www.scribbr.com/apa-style/apa-seventh-edition-changes/

• Guidelines for Writing About People With Disabilities

  'This fact sheet provides guidelines for portraying individuals with disabilities in a respectful and balanced way by using language that is accurate, neutral and objective.'
• A Way with Words and Images

  Suggestions for the portrayal of people with disabilities from the Government of Canada
• Practice with Pronouns

  This online tool helps to ensure you are using pronouns correctly.
• Inclusive Language Tutorial

  This tutorial was developed and generously shared by the Business Development Department at NorQuest College.

   

  General principles for reducing bias - general principles for writing about all people and their personal characteristics without bias.

  Bias free language - Racial and ethnic identity

Referencing Indigenous Elders and Knowledge Keepers

NorQuest Library has noted that the formal APA style does not have a format to acknowledge Indigenous Elders and Knowledge Keepers as a reference. In the spirit of wahkôhtowin and reconciliation, NorQuest College Library continues to follow templates created by Lorisia MacLeod and NorQuest College Indigenous Student Centre staff that meet this need.