APA 7th edition

Chopak (2018) found that dogs bark to get attention.

Dogs typically bark as a means of seeking attention (Chopak, 2018).

Cite both authors every time; use “and” between the names in the sentence.

Hogan and Hiro (2017) concluded that …….

Use an ampersand (&) between the names in the parentheses.

(Hogan & Hiro, 2017)

List the first author followed by et al. each time you cite the source.

Chander et al. (2017) confirmed that...

(Chander et al., 2017)

Use the full name, and if there is an abbreviation, put it in square brackets after the name, the first time it is cited.

Alberta Health Services [AHS] (2017) reports...

(Alberta Health Services [AHS], 2018)

In the following citations, use the abbreviation only.

Narrative:

AHS (2017) reports... 

Parenthetical: 

(AHS, 2018)

If one citation includes two or more references, order them the same way they appear in your References list.

Huang (2018) and Santos (2020) concluded...

Separate them with a semi-colon.

(Huang, 2018; Santos, 2020)

For a reprint of original material where there are two dates, use the original publication date first and then the date of publication of the reprint, separated by a slash.

Solarin (2016/2020) tells the story of...

If your quote is less than 40 words, put it in "quotation marks". In addition to the author(s) name(s) and year of publication, the page number is included if the citation is for a direct quote.

Narrative:

As Milaney et al. (2020) stated, "Women’s experiences of homelessness are largely influenced by high rates of adverse childhood experiences and mental health diagnoses" (p. 5).

Parethetical:

It states that "Women’s experiences of homelessness are largely influenced by high rates of adverse childhood experiences and mental health diagnoses" (Milaney et al., 2020, p. 5).

If your quote is more than 40 words, the complete quote must be indented another 1/2 inch (1.27 cm) from the left margin. The paragraph will be double-spaced with the page number in parentheses after the final punctuation of the paragraph. (There is no punctuation after the parentheses. Block quotes do not have quotation marks, unless there is a quotation within the block quote itself.)

On the process of lifelong learning, Krishnamurti (1981) noted the following:

There is no end to education. It is not that you read a book, pass an examination, and finish with education. The whole of life, from the moment you are born to the moment you die, is a process of learning. (p. 57)

If a direct quote is from audiovisual material, cite the screen name/author, publish date, and timestamp:

Global16x9 (2009) explains how "the uniformed gang task force is the only team of it's kind in the country" (2:42).

(Global16x9, 2009, 2:42)

If a direct quote is from online material without pagination, like websites and journal articles published online,

use a paragraph number:

(Healing Lodges, 2013, para. 4).

Or use the heading or section title, and the paragraph number:

(Johnson, 2020, Social Penalty section, para. 3).

Or use a shortened heading title in quotation marks:

(Federal Accessibility Legislation Alliance, n.d., "How would organizations" section).

Name the original source and year of publication in your sentence, but list the source you are using in your reference list and in the parenthetical citation.

Quote:

Woolf (1929) described author Margaret Cavendish as, "some giant cucumber [that] "had spread itself over all the roses and carnations in the garden and choked them to death." (as cited in Vandenberghe, 2023, p. 98).

Paraphrase:

Author Margaret Cavendish was described as a garden vegetable that smothers the beautiful flowers in her wake (Woolf, 1929, as cited in Vandenberghe, 2023

Three ellipsis points may be used to indicate that you have omitted words from the original quotation.

. . . 

Example:

Qualitative research is a type of research "to gain in-depth understanding of life . . . in a natural setting without manipulating it" (Davies & Logan, 2012, p. 9).

Use a period and 3 points if the omission is between two sentences: 

. ...

Example:

Davies and Logan (2012) stated that "using a structured questionnaire with a few open-ended items for the participants to state their views and opinions is not "qualitative" research".  ... and thus is considered a quantitative and not a qualitative study" (p. 18).

Use square brackets to insert an addition or explanation to give a quote context or make it grammatically correct (e.g. capital letter):

[ ]

Example grammar fix:

"There were over a hundred cat[s] staying at the local shelter."

Example of adding an explanation :

"Its members are 22 years old or younger, so it's too soon to tell how Gen Z [born between mid-1990s to mid-2000s] will fare in the nursing workplace" (College of Licensed Practical Nurses of Alberta, 2018, p. 13).