APA 7th edition

Format:

Author, A. A. (Year). Title in italics: Subtitle if there is one. Publisher name. https://doi.org/10.xxxxxxx

Example:

Toki, V. (2018). Indigenous courts, self-determination and criminal justice. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.43rs24/9781351239622

Example no DOI:

Balzer-Riley, J. W. (2012). Communication in nursing. Elsevier/Mosby. 

Format:

Author, A. A., Author, B. B., Author, C. C., Author, D. D., & Author, E. E. (Year of Publication). Title of books in italics: Subtitle. Publisher.

Example:

Doenges, M. E., Moorhouse, M. F., & Murr, A. C. (2015). Nurse's pocket guide: Diagnoses, prioritized interventions, and rationales (3rd ed.). F.A. Davis.

Include the first 19 authors, use ellipses, and then the last author on the list.

Surname, A., Surname, B., Surname, C., Surname, D., Surname, E., Surname, F., Surname, G., Surname, H., Surname, I., Surname, J., Surname, K., Surname, L., Surname, M., Surname, N., Surname, O., Surname, P., Surname, Q., Surname, R., Surname, S., ... Surname, Z. (Year). Title of the book in italics: Subtitle if there is one. Publisher.

Format:

Title in italics: Subtitle if there is one (xx ed.). (Year). Publisher.

Example:

Mosby's dictionary of medicine, nursing & health professions (10th ed.). (2017). Elsevier. 

Editors only:

List up to 20 editors, acknowledge their role with (Eds.). If there are more than 20 editors: list first 19, use ellipses, final editor, and then (Eds.).

Format with editors only:

Surname, A.A., Surname, B.B., Surname, C.C., Surname, D.D. & Surname, E.E. (Eds.). (Year of Publication). Title of books in italics: Subtitle if there is one (Edition). Publisher.

Example with editors only:

Potter, P. A., Perry, A. G., Stockert, P. A., Hall, A. M., Astle, B. J., & Duggleby, W. (Eds.). (2019). Canadian fundamentals of nursing (9th ed.). Mosby/Elsevier Canada.

Editors and Authors:

Include Author information as Author, A. A. (Surname, Initials) and Editor information as B. B. Editor (Initials, Surname)

Format with authors and editors:

Author, A. A. (Year). Title in italics: Subtitle if there is one. A. Editor (Ed.). Publisher. 

Example with authors and editors:

Graff, G. (2015). "They say/I say": Moves that matter in academic writing, with readings. C. Birkenstein & R. K Russell. (Eds.). W. W. Norton & Company.

Author name written in Surname, A. format. Editor information in A. Surname format.

Format:

Author, A., Author, B., & Author, C. (Year). Title of chapter. In E.E. Editor & F.F. Editor (Eds.), Title of book in italics (x ed., pp. x-xx). Publisher Name.

Example:

McCance, K. L., Grey, T. C., & Rodway, G. (2014). Altered cellular and tissue biology. In K. L. McCance, S. E. Huether, V. L. Brashers, & N. S. Rote (Eds.), Pathophysiology: The biologic basis for disease in adults and children (7th ed., pp. 49-102). Mosby Elsevier.

Format:

Author, A. A. (Year). Title in italics: Subtitle if there is one (A. Author, Illus.). Publisher name.

Examples:

Hall, M. (2015). Red: A crayon's story (M. Hall, Illus.). Greenwillow Books. 

Campbell, N. I. (2020). Stand like a cedar (C. Victor, Illus.). Highwater Press.

• Many classic children's books and graphic novels are republished or released as a special edition
• Use the same format as above, but include the original publication date in parentheses at the end of the reference
• For special editions, include edition information in parentheses after the illustrator
• For the in-text citation, include the original publication year, followed by a slash, and then the republication year

Format:

Author, A. A. (Year). Title in italics: Subtitle if there is one (A. Author, Illus.; Edition Information). Publisher name. (Original work published year)

In-text citation: (Author, original year/republication year)

Examples:

Munsch, R. N. (2011). The paper bag princess (M. Martchenko, Illus.). Annick Press. (Original work published 1980)

In-text: (Munsch, 1980/2011)

Spiegelman, A. (2011). The complete Maus (A. Spiegelman, Illus.; 25th anniversary ed.). Pantheon Books. 

In-text: (Spiegelman, 2011)

Include reference entries for each drug:

Reference:

Vallerand, A. H., & Sanoski, C. A. (Eds.). (2025). Gabapentin. In Davis’s drug guide for nurses (19th ed., pp 615-617). F.A. Davis.

If you are using an eBook with a DOI, include the DOI at the end of the reference.

In-text citation: 

Contraindications of gabapentin include "....." (Vallerand & Sanoski, 2025, p. 615).

When a drug entry is included as part of a class of drugs, use the drug class name instead.

Reference:

Vallerand, A. H., & Sanoski, C. A. (Eds.). (2025). Angtiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors. In Davis’s drug guide for nurses (19th ed., pp 148-154). F.A. Davis.

In-text citation: 

Captopril dosage for adults is “….” (Vallerand & Sanoski, 2025, p. 150).

When citing one or two chapters

Reference the chapter(s) and cite the author(s). List up to 20 authors as you see them, beginning with Canadian contributors first.

Reference: 

Luimes, J., Labrecque, M. E., & McConachie, A. (2024). Health assessment and physical examination. In B. J. Astle, W. Duggleby, P. A. Potter, P. A. Stockert, A. G. Perry & A. M. Hall (Eds.), Canadian fundamentals of nursing (7th ed., pp. 605-675). Elsevier.

In-text citation:

"The inner ear contains the cochlea, vestibule, and semicircular canals” (Luimes et al., 2024, p. 628).

When citing multiple chapters

Reference: Reference the textbook in a single entry.

Astle, B. J., Duggleby, W., Potter, P. A., Stockert, P. A., Perry, A. G., & Hall, A. M. (Eds.). (2024). Canadian fundamentals of nursing (7th ed.). Elsevier.

In-text citations refer to the editors of the book, and not the authors or editors of the chapter you cite:

"Evidence-informed nursing deemphasizes ritual, isolated, and unsystematic clinical experiences" (Astle et al., 2024, p. 107).

 When citing one or two sections, include individual reference and cite accordingly:

Reference: 

Coar, J. (2023). Adult Pressure Injury. In M. B. Flynn Makic & M. R. Martinez-Kratz (Eds.), Ackley and Ladwig’s nursing diagnosis handbook: An evidence-based guide to planning care (13th ed., pp. 765-770). Elsevier.

In-text citation: "localized damage to the skin and/or underlying tissue" (Coar, 2023, p. 765).

When citing multiple chapters

Reference: Reference the textbook in a single entry.

Flynn Makic, M. B., & Martinez-Kratz, M. R. (Eds.). (2023). Ackley and Ladwig’s nursing diagnosis handbook: An evidence-based guide to planning care (13th ed.). Elsevier.

In-text citations refer to the editors of the book, and not the authors or editors of the chapter you cite:

"Complete a preoperative assessment to identify client factors that will increase a client's risk for pressure injuries" (Makic & Martinez-Kratz, 2023, p. 741).

Include reference entries for each drug:

Reference

Clavulin. (2024, June 28). In CPS. https://cps.pharmacists.ca/search

In-text:

(Clavulin, 2024)

Use the format for Report, group author for the CCPNR competencies:

Reference: 

Canadian Council for Practical Nurse Regulators. (2019). Entry-level competencies for licensed practical nurses. https://ccpnr.ca/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/CCPNR-ELCs_2019E.pdf

In-text citation: Only spell the organization's full name for the first in-text citation. Use the abbreviation for all subsequent in-text citations.

(Canadian Council for Practical Nurse Regulators [CCPNR], 2019, p. 6) 

(CCPNR, 2019, p. 8) 

Individual authors are not listed for each chapter. Reference the book as a whole, listing Canadian contributors first.

Reference:

Sealock, K., Seneviratne, C., Lilley, L. L., Collins, S. R., & Snyder, J. S. (2025). Lilley's pharmacology for Canadian health care practice (5th ed.). Elsevier.

In-text citation :

"With osteotride acetate, therapeutic effects include improvement of symptoms related to carcinoid tumours, VIPoma, or esophageal varicess" (Sealock et al., 2025, p. 523).

When citing one or two chapters

Reference the chapter(s) and cite the author(s). List up to 20 authors as you see them, beginning with Canadian contributors first.

Reference: 

Tyerman, J., & Harding, M. M. (2024). Introduction to medical-surgical nursing practice in Canada. In J. Tyerman, S. L. Cobbett, M. M. Harding, J. Kwong, D. Roberts, D. Hagler, & C. Reinisch (Eds.), Lewis's medical-surgical nursing in Canada: Assessment and management of clinical problems (5th ed., pp. 2-19). Elsevier.

In-text citation:

"The medical-surgical nurse is considered a leader and a key member of the interdisciplinary team” (Tyerman & Harding, 2024, p. 7).

When citing multiple chapters

Reference: Reference the textbook in a single entry.

Tyerman, J., Cobbett, S. L., Harding, M. M.,Kwong, J., Roberts, D., Hagler, D., & Reinisch, C. (Eds.). (2024).  Lewis's medical-surgical nursing in Canada: Assessment and management of clinical problems (5th ed.). Elsevier.

In-text citations refer to the editors of the book, and not the authors of the chapter you cite:

"Insufficient sleep is associated with changes in body function and health problems" (Tyerman et al., 2024, p. 122).

When citing one or two chapters

Reference the chapter(s) and cite the author(s). List up to 20 authors as you see them, beginning with Canadian contributors first.

Reference: 

Basso, M. (2024). Pain management during labour and birth. In L. Keenan-Lindsay, G. Leifer & K. Townsend Little, Leifer's introduction to maternity and pediatric nursing in Canada (2nd ed., pp. 185-204). Elsevier.

In-text citation:

"The pregnant person often chooses a preparation class that aligns with their values and goals for labour” (Basso, 2024, p. 185).

When citing multiple chapters

Reference: Reference the textbook in a single entry.

Keenan-Lindsay, L., Leifer, G., Townsend Little, K. (2024). Leifer's maternity and pediatric nursing in Canada (2nd ed.). Elsevier.

In-text citations refer to Keenan-Lindsay et al. and not the authors of the chapter you cite:

"These prelabour cervical changes occur naturally in many pregnant patients toward the end of the third trimester" (Keenan-Lindsay et al., 2024, p. 215).

When citing one or two sections

• include individual reference and cite accordingly:

Reference: 

College of Licensed Practical Nurses of Alberta. (2020a). G: Respiratory. In Competency profile for licensed practical nurses (5th ed., pp. 62-65). https://www.clpna.com/members/continuing-competency-program/competency-profile-for-lpns/

College of Licensed Practical Nurses of Alberta. (2020b). Y: Ophthalmology. In Competency profile for licensed practical nurses (5th ed., pp. 141-142). https://www.clpna.com/members/continuing-competency-program/competency-profile-for-lpns/

If citing two sections

• include a lowercase a behind the date of the reference that appears first in your reference list and a lowercase b for the second.

In-text citation:

(College of Licensed Practical Nurses of Alberta [CLPNA], 2020a, p. 64) 

(CLPNA, 2020b, p. 141) 

Only spell the organization's full name for the first in-text citation. Use the abbreviation for all subsequent in-text citations.

 When citing three or more sections from the Competency Profile for Licensed Practical Nurses:

Reference:

College of Licensed Practical Nurses of Alberta. (2020). Competency profile for licensed practical nurses (5th ed.). https://www.clpna.com/members/continuing-competency-program/competency-profile-for-lpns/

In-text citation:

(College of Licensed Practical Nurses of Alberta [CLPNA], 2020, p. 64). 

Format:

Author, A. (Year). Title of reprinted material: Include subtitle if there is one. In E. Editor (Ed.), Title of collection in italics: Subtitle if there is one (x ed., pp. xx-xx). (Reprinted from Magazine in italics, Year, source information)

Example:

Gladwell, M. (2017). None of the above: What I.Q. doesn't tell you about race. In L. Buzzard, D. LePan, N. Ruddock, & A. Stuart (Eds.), The Broadview anthology of expository prose (3rd Canadian ed., pp. 412-419). Broadview Press. (Reprinted from The New Yorker Magazine, 2007, December 17)

Format:

Author, A. (Year). Title of reprinted material: Include subtitle if there is one. In E. Editor (Ed.), Title of collection in italics: Subtitle if there is one (x ed., pp. xx-xx). (Reprinted from Journal name in italics, Year, source information)

Example:

Milgram, S. (2017). Behavioral study of obedience. In L. Buzzard, D. LePan, N. Ruddock, A. Stuart (Eds.), The Broadview anthology of expository prose (3rd Canadian ed., pp. 137-147). Broadview Press. (Reprinted from Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 1963, 67[4])

Format:

Author, A. (Year). Title of reprinted material: Include subtitle if there is one. In E. Editor (Ed.), Title of collection in italics: Subtitle if there is one (x ed., pp. xx-xx). (Reprinted from Book title in italics, Year, source information)

Example:

Showalter, E. (2017). Representing Ophelia: Women, madness, and the responsibilities of feminist criticism. In L. Buzzard, D. LePan, N. Ruddock, A. Stuart (Eds.), The Broadview anthology of expository prose (3rd Canadian ed., pp. 250-265). Broadview Press. (Reprinted from Shakespeare and the question of theory, 1985, Methuen & Co.)